Situations of violence and vulnerability against totonac migrants in contexts of origin, transit and destination

Abstract

In some scenarios of rural and indigenous Mexico there are social, economic and political situations, exclusive and discriminatory, that have accelerated national and international, undocumented or regulated migration processes experienced by adults and young men. The objective of this article is to give an account of how they face situations of vulnerability and violence from various actors and official and employer instances. From a sociological perspective of migration understood as mobility circuits, multifaceted complexity and changing vulnerability from the axes of place, time and actors, I address the mechanisms and conditions in which the natives and peasants of Veracruz from Totonacapan are violated and discriminated against in the following contexts: I.-Exit: excluded by official programs and institutions; II.-Transit: transport conditions during the trip; and, III.-Destination: as in the capitalist agricultural fields where there is a violation of employment contracts, and their human and labor rights. This research is a product of field work in the municipalities of the Totonaca mountain range where I interviewed migrants, local leaders of civil society organizations, and officials of the Ministry of Labor and Social Prevention